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Caffeine
カフェィソ (Japanese)
咖啡因 (Chinese)
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A central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, having the effect of temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. Beverages containing caffeine, such as coffee, tea, soft drinks and energy drinks enjoy great popularity; caffeine is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive substance, but unlike most other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all jurisdictions. In North America, 90% of adults consume caffeine daily. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration lists caffeine as a "Multiple Purpose GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) Food Substance".
Links: Wikipedia, Erowid, 3Dchem
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| Guarana |
Paullinia cupana (syn. P. crysan, P. sorbilis), is a shrub or small tree in the Sapindaceae family, native to Venezuela and northern Brazil. The seed of the Guarana fruit is a central nervous system stimulant with thermogenic and diuretic properties.
In addition to other chemicals, the guarana plant contains caffeine (sometimes called "guaranine"), theophylline, and theobromine. Water extracts of the guarana plant are central nervous system stimulants due to the caffeine content. Energy drink manufacturers typically add synthetic caffeine or caffeine derived from coffee decaffeination.
Brazil produces several brands of soft drink from guarana extract that contain no added caffeine. Each differs greatly in flavor; some with very little natural guarana fruit taste. In Brazil, sales of guarana drinks are even greater than that of cola drinks. They are typically fizzy and sweet, with a very fruity aftertaste. Most guarana drinks are produced in Brazil and consumed there or in nearby countries, such as Paraguay. Major brands include Guarana Antarctica, Guarana Schin from Schincariol and Guarana Brahma from AmBev, Kuat, and Guarana Jesus, a local Brazilian brand named for the druggist that formulated it. Many local producers also create drinks not for export.
Links: Wikipedia, Erowid
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| Glucurolactone |
I couldn't find much in English.
Links: Wikipedia (Spanish)
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| Horny Goat Weed |
(Ying Yang Huo) Epimedium sagittatum. A time-tested aphrodisiac that increases libido in men and women. It was first described in ancient classical Chinese medicinal texts. Today, horny goat weed holds an important place in Traditional Chinese Medicine and is gaining popularity around the world.
Links: Wikipedia, Discovery Health
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| Inositol |
Inositol is part of the vitamin B-complex. It is required for proper formation of cell membranes.
Inositol affects nerve transmission and helps in transporting fats within the body. Inositol differs from inositol hexaniacinate, a form of vitamin B3.
It is found in nuts, beans, wheat and wheat bran, cantaloupe, and oranges are excellent sources of inositol. Most dietary inositol is in the form of phytate.
Links: Wikipedia
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Taurine
タウリソ (Japanese)
牛磺酸 (Chinese)
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(L-Taurine) An amino acid, one of the building blocks of proteins. Found in the nervous system and muscles, taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids in the body. It is thought to help regulate heartbeat, maintain cell membranes, and affect the release of neurotransmitters (chemicals that carry signals between nerve cells) in the brain.
There is no dietary requirement for taurine, since the body can make it out of vitamin B6 and the amino acids methionine and cysteine. Deficiencies occasionally occur in vegetarians, whose diets may not provide the building blocks for making taurine.
People with diabetes have lower-than-average blood levels of taurine, but whether this means they should take extra taurine is unclear.
Links: Wikipedia, 3Dchem
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